OSHA 10 Hour Construction Program Practice Test

How does OSHA define an excavation?

1. A natural land depression

2. Any man-made cavity or trench formed by earth removal

3. A hole created for a building foundation

4. A water-filled trench

The correct answer is: Any man-made cavity or trench formed by earth removal

OSHA defines an excavation as any man-made cavity or trench formed by earth removal, which includes any type of excavation work performed in construction settings. This definition encompasses various activities, such as digging for foundations, utilities, or other purposes. The key element is that it involves the removal of soil or earth to create a structure or environment that includes a cavity, void, or trench. Understanding this definition is crucial for those in the construction field, as it impacts safety regulations, necessary permits, and the precautions that must be taken to protect workers. Proper identification of what constitutes an excavation helps in recognizing potential hazards, such as cave-ins, which are a leading cause of fatalities in construction. The other choices mention scenarios that may relate to excavation but do not encapsulate the broad definition provided by OSHA. A natural land depression might resemble an excavation, but it is not man-made. A hole created for a building foundation is a specific example of an excavation, but it does not cover the full range of excavations that can occur. A water-filled trench does not classify as an excavation either, as it emphasizes the presence of water rather than the earth-removal process itself.